Friction hinge



Jan. 7, 1930. w. K. FELLOWS FRICTION HINGE Fea Feb. 18, 1929 %wa I INVENTOR Wu /flfi /CFELLOKS ATTONEY openof the doors, and also elminating the or variedto a considerable'extent while still Patentecl Jan. 7, 1930 LMLGS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM K. FELLOWS, {OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS FRICTION HINGE Application filed February s, 1929. Serial No. 340,7o`.

F riction hinges, beginning long ago with strength, convenient renewal of parts, and crude forms, have long been employed for a a handsome appearance. Other objects and wide variety of uses in difierent kinds of advantages of the invention will hereinafter installations. During recent years hinges appear. y

' of' this type have come into gradually in- The invention includes various features of creasng use on the doors of buildings, more Construction ,and combinations of parts, as particularly in hospitals and schools as will appear from the following description. standard equipment, in ofi ice buildings for The, invention is disclosed .herein as emcommunicating doors not equipped with door bodied in a four knuckle hinge having a 10 closers, and for bed rooms, closets and bath loose hinge pin, with two knuckles on each '60 rooms of hotels and residences, where they leaf and with the knuckles on one leaf arare of special advantage. While of course ranged alternately with the knuckles on the friction hinges in general have been more other leaf, although the same idea could be or less improved from time to time, the ex: carried out with a larger even number of 5 acting requirements for theuses above noted knuckles, such for exampleas siX, with three 6 have demanded further improvements in orknuckles on each leaf and with the knuckles der particularly to aclapt hinges of this type of the respective leaves similarly alternately to such installations. For example, it is rearranged. Also some of the advantageous quired that such hinges shall be noiseless in features of the invention may be embodied in 0 operation, that the frictional resistance to the a tWo-knuckle hinge', which in other respects swinging of the door shall be uniform s of a general type commonly employed, and throughout the swinging movement, that the such a modified embodiment of the invention friction shall be maintained substantially is dsclosed in my copending conpanion apconstant at all times, and that there shall be plication for Patent Serial No. 34:0,702 filed no likelihood of these hinges' getting out of February 18, 1929, which became a patent order p of even date with this patent, and having A general object of the-invention is to prothe next higher number.

vide an improved friction hinge which will .In carrying out the invention as disclosed elfectively meet the above noted rigid reherein, each hinge leaf together with its quirements, as well as having other desirable knuckles may be cast in one piece, or each advantages. Another object is to provide hinge leaf together with its knuckles in one a hinge of this kind in which thehinge pin piece may be stamped or pressed out from is readily removable, for Conveniently either suitable sheet metal, or each hinge leaf tohanging or demounting the door. Another gether with an outer knuckle portion or object is to provide such a hinge which is collar for each knuckle may desirably be adaptable to a wide variety of uses, such as pressed or stamped *out with each such upon swinging closures of various kinds, inknuckle portion'of oversize diameter and havcluding windows, traps, scuttles, or other ing atubular metal sleeve or bushing fixed more or less similar devices; also for the doors theren to form a part of the complete of cabinets and book cases, where its action knuckle, for thereby desirably increasing the in preventing' the breakage ofglassis parextent or area'. of the friction surfaces at ticularly desirable; and upon the doorsof the ends ofthe knuckles. Also, according coaches and automobiles, which would preto this disclosure, the transverse or cross sec- 5 vent many acciclents due to the swinging tional shape of the hinge pin may be changed usual rattle which results from wear and effectively carrying out the invention, some locseness of the ordinary coach hinges hereof these shapes, however, being more advantofore commonly used on automobiles. Furtageous than others. i 50 ther cbjects are convenience of manufacture, In carrying out the herein disclosecl emeconomy, Simplicity, reliability, durability, bodinent of the invention, theihingepn, wo

which is non-circular and ofthe same transverse shape and size throughout its length, extends freely or loosely through all of the aXially aligned knuckles and projects at its ends beyond the terminal lrnuckles or end knuckles, one of which is carried by one of the hinge leaves and the other of which is carrie d by the other leaf. This hinge pin itself directly forms a journal for all of the knuckles and is provided uniformlythroughout its length with a plurality of depressed portions which, according to the particular shape of the pin which may be employed, may be either in the form of two or more fiat s'urfaces or may take i the form of two or more longituclinal grooves, the shape of which may be vared. A suitable number of similar fricton washers are carried by the hinge pin to be freely slidable thereon but which are prevented from rotat- 211 ing'thereon by reason of 'having' their aperturesof a non-circular shape which is complementary to the non-circular shape ofthe hinge pin. located outward from ;each terminal knuclrle and another is located -inward from each 'terminal kn'ickle between the knuckles of the respective leaves, while a similar middle Washer serves merely as a hearing. A cap nut is screwed over each projecting end of the hinge pin' into adjustable engagement with a compression spring in the form of a spring waSher.

One embodiment of theinvention together a with some variations thereinas to some of its parts, will 'now' be descrbedand thereafter the invention will be'poi'nted out in claims, reference now being had to the drawings, in which: r

Fig. 1 is an elevation of a friction hin'ge in;

tion on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a similarly enlarged horizontal section of the hinge on the line 3-3 of Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a similar section on the line 4-1 of Fig. l;

Fi'g. 5 is a perspective view of one of the friction washers Fig. 6 is an elevation orwedge view of one of the spring friction adjustment washers; i

7 shows in cross section a plurality of hinge pins of? different modified transversc shape which may be employed in carrying out the invention; V i i Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 4, but showing a modification in thelrnuckle Construction according to whichthe knucl'les are of smaller diameter and have no bushing sleeves therein, and i Fig. 9 is a similar view of a further slight modification according to which the hinge r leaves together with theirlrnucklesare shown One of these friction washers is Referring first more particularly to Figs.

1 to 6 inclusive, it will be noted that in Fig. 1 there is shown a portion of a usual door jamb l and a View of the inner edge of a portion of a fully open door 2, a portion of the inner face of which appears in Fig. 2. The door 2 is shown as pivotally hung to the jamb 1 by means of a friction hinge embodying the present invention, comprising a jamb leaf 3 and a door leaf 1: which are countersunk and Secured in place by means of screws in accordance with the usual practice and as in-' dicated in Fig. l. Each of the hinge leaves 3 and 4, together with the outer or peripheral portion ofeach of the knuclles carried thereby, is made from stamped or pressed sheet metal, such as steel, all in one piece.

The j amb leaf 3 carrie's an oversize lower terminal knuclrleportion 5. The inner or bearing portion of this lower terminal lrnuckle having the outer peripheral portion 5 is formed by a metal sleeve orbushing 6-0f even length therewith tightly fixed thereinso as in effect to' forma part thereof. The urpose in thus combining the outer collar 5 and the inner bushing 6'thereby to form the complete knuckle is to increase the extent of the friction surfaces provided by the ends of this knuckle. This bushing 6 may be made from a piece of steel tubing or of other suitable metal. In manufacturing, the outer collar portion 5 of the knuckle may be formed close ly around the bushing- 6 so as to grip the latter tightly, or the collar portion 5 may be first formed'and then the bushing 6 may be forced into it with a rigidly tight fit.

The j amb leaf 3 isprovided with an intermediate knuclrle of the same Construction as its terminal knuckle just described, this intermediate knuckle comprising an outer peripheral or collarportion 7 in one piece with the leaf and an inner bushing 8 similarly fixed therein, this bushing 8 being a replica of-the` bushing 6.

.The door leaf 4 is provided with an upper terminal knuckle and an intermediate knuckle, both of the same Construction and in each of which the Construction of the above described knuckles on the jamb leaf 3 is duplicated. 'That is to say, the upperterm'nal knuckle comprises an outer collar portion 9 formed on the door leaf 4 and a similar inner sleeve orbushin'g 10 fixed theren, and the intermediate'lmuckle similarly comprises an outer collar'portion 11 on the leaf and an inner metal bushing 1 2 fixed therein.

The purpose of forming each of the hinge `knu'clrles with; an outer collar part and an fbi) rss

provide more friction surface on the annular plane surfaces of the ends of the respective knuckles, as above described in reference to the lower terminal knuckle on the j amb leaf 3,

A non-circular hinge pin or pintle 13 of uniforn size and shape throughout its length passes loosely and freely through and forms a journal for all of the axiallyaligned hinge knuckles and at its upper and lower ends projects beyond the above described upper and lower knuckles. This hinge pin 13 desirably has a pluralityof equally circumferentially spacecl circularly arcuate portions extending throughout its length to form a journal wthin the bearing sleeves or bushings of the respective knuckles, the hin e pin also having a corresponding plura ity of intervening depressed portions extending uniformly throughout its length, a single such depressed portion having proved less satisifactory, as will hereinafter more clearly appear. While this hinge pin may be of various transverse shapes, as indicated in Fig. 7, a highly efiective and generally desirable form of this pin 13 is shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. This latter hinge pin 13 throughout its length is transversely of a uniform triangular fiuted shape, in which the three straight depressed portions are shown as in the form of longitudinal grooves with substantially circularly curved or rounded bottoms. The several variant forms of the hinge pin shown in Fig. 7 will be referred to more particularly hereinafter. In case the hearing bushings of the knuckles are of steel, then the hinge pin, such as 13, may desirably be of a different metal, such as bronze, for thereby reducing the wear.

The hinge pin 13 carries a plurality of five washers 14 which are rotatably locked thereto but which are slidable longitudinally thereon. The holes or apertures in these washers, as appears most clearly in Fig. 5, are complementary in shape to thetransverse shape of the hinge pin 13, each such hole thus having three t'riangularly arranged outer arcuate surfaces with three intervening rounded inwardly projecting lugs which fit into the above noted corresponding grooves in the hinge pin 13, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. These washers 14 are located respectively, between the respective hinge knuckles, above the upper terminal knuckle, and below the lower terminal knuckle. The middle one of this series of five individually located washers serves only as a hearing washer between the adjacent ends of the knuckles", as will presently In carrying out the invention the upper' and lower projecting ends of the hinge pin are provided with head-forming members separably mounted thereon, one ofwhich at least should have a screw threaded adjustment for thereby adjusting the i'riction. In the Construction shown each projecting end portion of the hinge pin 13 outwardly from the terminal friction washer 14 is screw threaded and has a cap nut 15 screwed thereon. In order to produce a more uniforme frietional resistance as well as also to provide a more efiective adjustment of the amount of friction developed, a compression spring desirably in the form of a spring washer 16 is interposed between each of the nuts 15 and the adj acent terminal' friction washer 14. This spring washer 16 may have'a round central hole to fit freely over the hinge pin 13 as shown in Fig. 3', since there is no reason for looking it against rotative movement relatively to the hinge pin. This spring friction adjustment washer 16 is desirably substantially of the form of Construction shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 6. v

This spring washer 16, as there shown, has an inner annular flat portion froni which there projects an even number, shown as twelve, spring tongues forming a complete circumferential series with' the tongues suificiently spaced to avoid the possib'ility of any interference between them in their spring action. Alternately in the series, six of these tongues are bent in one direction out of the plane of the central portion of the washer, and the other alternate six tongues are similarly bent in the opposte direction, that is, in the hinge Construction, six of these tongues, in each instance at the top and bottom of the hinge, are bent upward and the other six are bent downward so that each of these washers 16 thereby forms a compression spring.

It should be noted that these washers 16 are 'purely springs, and arenot intended to serve as lock washers for the nuts 15. It is well known that lock washers, are incapable of serving as springs independently of or in connection with their looking action, since this is prevented by their'locking function. The terminal friction washers 14, by reason of their non-rotatable mou'nting on the hinge pin 13, prevent any tendency for the nuts 15 to unscrew. Accordingly the nuts 15 may be manually turned in either direction, for thereby either increasing or decreasing the amount of compression of the spring washers 16.

Any one of the hinge pins shown in Fig. 7 may be substituted for the hinge pin 13 shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, the washers 14 also of course in each instance being replaced by other washers (not shown) `having their holes similarly complementary-in shape to the shape of the particular hinge pin upon which the are mounted. In the hingepin '13of the triangular fluted j transverse shape shown in Fgs. 2, 3 and 4, the three arcuate outer surfaces provide an effective journal in the bearings 'of the knuclrle, while the three intervening grooves provide an efiective anchorage for the washers 14 in cooperation with their inwardly projecting rounded lugs.

Reference will now be had to Fig. 7, showing a variety of alternative hinge pins which differ from the hinge pin 13 only in their transverse shape, which similarly to the hinge pin 13 is the same throughout their `length. It will also `be noted that each of these hinge pins shown in Fig similarly has aplurality of equally circumferentially spaced outer arcuate portions'togetherwith corresponding interin-e liate depressed por- 2 tions. It has been foundin praetice that a non-circular hinge pin having only a single depressed portion does notprovide a enthciently firm and strong anchorage for the triction washers, particularly of the terminal washers at the upper and lower ends of the series of knuekles. Looseness of these latter washers would have a tendency to cause the nuts 15 to work loose.

Conveniently starting at the left side in Fig. 7, itwill be noted that the hinge pin 17 is provided with two diametrically opposite fiat sides which provide for rotatively lock ing the friction washers thei-eto, and that this pin is provided with two diametrically opposite outer circularly arcuate portions by which the pin forms a journal for the hinge knuclles in their bearings.

T he hinge pin 18 has similar outer circularly arcuate journal forming portions diametr eally arranged, while the intervening depressed portions are hollowed out on a rather long arcuate curve to form shallow grooves which provide a somewhat firmer anchor for the frietion washers than theat surfaces.

The pin 19 is similar to the pin 18,difl ering therefrom only in the respect that the wide shallowgrooves are shown as in the form of obtuse reentrant angles.

The hinge pin 20, it will be noted, has four' right angularly arranged fiat sides andci cularly rounded corner portions which provide four journal surfaces, althougheach of these is of rather limitedertent in this par ticular pin shown. A

The hin -e pin 21 has four equidistantly spaced circumferentially arcuate journal surfaces, with four intervening V-shaped grooves, thereby providing both a secure anehorage for the friction washers and journal surfaces oi' adequate extent. i 1; p

The hinge pin 22 difiers from the hinge in 21 substantially only in that the four grooves shown therein are oi' arcuate or curved shape, and difi'ers from the'hinge pin 13, first described, in having four, instead of three, grooves and journal surfaces, respectively. v

The hinge pin 23 has three inwa rdly angular grooves which gradually merge along outward cur ves with the circumferentially :masescurved outer ends .ofthree journal-forming outer portons. i

- The hinge pin 24 has threecrcularly-arcuate outer journal portions with threeinter as is shown in Fig. 8, which may be consid-;

ered as corresponding to Fig. 4,' that the hinge knuckles `are tormed entirely directly upon the hinge leaves all together in one .piece therewth, these leaves and knuckles being stamped or pressed fromsheet metal. Tn Fi 8, the jamb leaf 26 thus earries a; knuckle 27 which forms directly a bearing for the hinge pin 13,' it being understoodithat all of the knuelrles on this amb leaf 26 are thus formed,

of lil-:e Construction, while the 'door leaf 28 is provided with similar'knuckles. The frietion washers employed are similarto but of course should be of sufiiciently smaller diameter than the washers 14 so as to'harmonize with 'and come fiush peripherally 'with the outer surfaces of the smaller lmuckles 27. The surfaces available for `friction purposes of course will be considerably reduced 'from that shown in F igs. l'to inclusive,butthis simplified Construction showninFig. 8 may y in some cases beadvantageously employed :tor relatively'small and light doors.

F ig. 9 shows the adaptation of the 'invention to a cast hinge. The Construction in other respects is to be considered as the same throughout as that described 'with reference to Figs. 1 to6 inclusive'. In :this somew'hat modified Construction, a cast metal jamb leaf 29 is shown as having 'a complete hinge knuckle 30 cast thereon. It will benoted that the aXial bore or hearing aperture through this knuckle 30 forms a bearing directly for the hinge pin 13, while the outer diameter of this knuckle may be as great as desired and is shown as substantally the same as theouter diameter of the knuckle collars, such as' the collar 7 shown in Fig. 4,'Eig. 9 being con-, sidered as a similar section. It is to be understood that the door"leaf 31 hasfknuckles similar to the knuckles 30 cast thereon. 'These cast knuckles, such as 31, therefore provide' extensive friction surfaces similar to 'those provided 'by the'two-part knuckles herein before *described with reference to Figs. 1 to 6 or cast hinge parts as desired or as may be required for difierent installations.`

Reference will again be had to Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, for a description of the operation, which it may be noted is substantially the same for the slight modifications shown in the remaining figures of the drawings. The spring compression washers 16, abutting against the'terminal nuts 15, press the terminal friction washers 14 against and into' frietional engagement respectively with the upper end of: the upper two-part terminal knuckle comprising the parts 9 and 10 on the door leaf 4, and similarly against and into frictional engagement with the lower end of the two-part terminal knucklecomprisng the parts 5 and 6-on the jamb leaf 3. It will be i noted, by reason of the friction washers being rotatably locked to the hinge pin 13, which together therewith is free to rotate or work around, that the friction and consequent wear will be substantially evenly distributed or divided between the inner friction surfaces of these two washers, and similarly upon the outer ends of the respective terminal knuckles, thereby not only evenly distributing the wear, but also resulting in less wear. It is understood of course, that the hinge pin 13 itself is free for endwise sliding movement through all of the hinge knuckles in the assembled hinge. V

The compressed spring washers 16 of course draw the terminal or upper and lower hinge knuckles, ,which are carried by the respective leaves 3 and 4, towards each other, the result being that the weight of the door is supplemented by the downward pull of these springs, acting upon the -two knuckles carried by the door leaf 4. Thus both of these forces, namely, that due to the weight of the door, an'd that developed by the spring washers 16, act to grip the uppermost of the three intermediate frictionwashers 14 between the lower end of the upper terminal knuckle, comprising the parts 9 and 10 on the door leaf 4, and the upper end of the knuckle comprising the parts 7 and 8 on the amb leaf 3, and similarly act to grip the lowermost of these intermediate friction washers 14 between the lower end of the knuckle comprising the parts 11 and 12 on thedoor leaf 4 and the upper end of the lowermost knuckle comprisingthe parts 5 and 6 'on the jamb leaf 3. It will be evident, for the reasons above set forth, that the friction and consequent wear is necessarily equally distributed between these two above noted intermediate friction washers 14, and in a similar manner will be substantially equally distributed between the opposite or upper and lower sides of each of these frietion washers.

It will be noted that the upper or terminal knuckle on the door leaf 4 frictionally cooperates with the intermediate knuckle on the janb leaf 3 through the intermediary of the jleat. Obviouslythe invention could in like mannerbe carried out by employing a larger even number of knuckles cooperating in pairs,

such for example as a hinge having sX knuckles,with three of .these `on each leaf, arranged in the manner shown and above noted. Also the invention could be carried out sub- -stantially in the manner shown and as above described, with a hinge having *only two knuckles, that is, one knuckle on each hinge leaf, but in a two-knuckle hinge it has been found more advantageous to employ the modified form of this invention disclosed and claimed in my above noted copending companion application for patent;

It will be noted of the four-knuckle construction shown in the drawings, that the friction producng forces, that is, the weight of the door and the force exerted by the compressed washers 16, have a tendency to draw 'the two intermediate knuckles away from each other, i-t being noted that the upper one V of these two knuckles, comprising the knuckle parts 7 and 8, is carried by the jamb leaf 3, while the lower one of these two knuckles,

comprising the knuckle parts 11 and 12,' is carried by the door leaf 4. As a consequence of this action, it is obvious that these forces cannot act for producing friction upon the interposed middle friction washer 14, so that thereby this particular washer forms only a spacing or bearing washer, and further results in a symmetrical Construction which is o' neat and' handsome appearance. Therefore, this washer could be an ordinary washer.

'The two spring compression washers 16 give an even or uniform friction, which they .continuously maintain, since these spring washers constantly take up the wear on the ends of the knuckles and on the friction washers, caused by the 'friction thereon. Also the yieldability of these spring washers enables the force eXerted by each balanced against that of .the other.. Thiis they provide a dou- ;mana e reversed, in a usual manner, so that its leaves would then open and close in the opposite direction from that shown.

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the friction hinge Construction shown in the drawings as an embodiment of the invention and above particularly described, within the principle and scope of the mvention as defined in the appended claims.

l claim:

l. in a frction hinge, the combination or" a pair of hinge leaves, an even number of axiall aligned hinge knuclrles half of which are carried by each of the respective leaves, a hinge pin of uniform nonrirculartransverse shape andisize throughout its length,

a plurah-y of friction washers located individually at diii'erent points along the hinge pin tting non-rotatably thereon but being longitudinally slidable thereon, at least one of the said washers being between knuckles belonging to the respective leaves and at least one of these washers being a terminal washer outward from a terminal knuckle, and terminal members on the hinge pin including screw means for anplying adiustable compressive force to the interposed lnuckles and friction washers thereby to provide frictional resistance to the relative swinging of the hinge leaves. v

2. ln a friction hinge, the combination of a pair of hinge leaves, an even number of axially aligned hinge knuckles half of which are carried by each of the respective leaves, a hinge pin of part-circular transverse shane including points on opposte sides of any diameter thereof and of uniform diameter throughout its length havinn a depressed smooth non-circular portion of uniform transverse shane extending -continuously throughout its length, said pin directly forming a pivot, a plurality of friction washers located individually at dill'erent points* along the hinge pin fitting non-rotatively thereon but bein longitudinally slidable thereon, at least one of the said washers being between knuckles belonging to the respective leaves and at least one of these washers being a terminal washer outward from a terminal knnckle, and terminal head-forming members separably mounted on the ends of the hinge pin and one of which is a nut for appyling adjustable compressive force to the interposed knuckles and washers thereby to provide frictional resistance to the relative swinging ot the hinge leaves. 7

3. In a frction hinge, the combination of a pair ot hinge leaves, an even number of more than two axially aligned hinge knuckles, the same number of which are carried by each of the respective leaves with the knuckles on one leaf alternating with those on the other leaf in the aXially aligned series of knuckles so that thereby the terminal knuckle at one end of the hnge will be carried by one of the leaves and the terminal knuckle at the other end of the hinge will be carried by the other leaf, each of the said knuckles throughout its axial length being provided with a circular bore of the same diameter as the said circularlbore in all ofthe other knuckles, a hinge pin extending loosely through all of said knuckles and projecting at its ends beyond the terminal knuclles, the said hinge pin having a plurality of circumferentially spaced circularly arcuate' portions eXtending throughout its length to form a journalfor the knuckles and having a corresponding plurality of intervening depressed portions extending uniformly 'continuously andsmoothly throughout its length, a plurality of friction washers in spaced -relation along the hinge 'pin having .a

non-rotative but longitudinal sliding' fit' thereon, one of 'such washers being located outwardlyfrom the end of each of the termi nal knuckles and another of such washers be ing located between theknuckles ot each successive pair of knuckles of which one of the knuckles is carried by one of the leaves -and the other knuckle is carried bythe other leaf,

and 'head members in engagement with the oppositely projecting ends of the hinge pin of which one of said members isa nut for etfecting adjustable frictional engagement between the ends of the hinge knuckles'and the said :Eriction Washers. i

4:. The invention denecl in claim 3, in

which the said hinge pin throughout its length is transversely of uniform trangular fiuted shape.

5. In a friction hinge,the combination of a pair of hinge leaves, an even number of axially aligied hinge knuckles half of which are carried respectively by each of the said leaves, a hinge pin of uniform non-circular transverse shape and size throughout its length passing slidably through the said knuckles in the assembled hinge, a plurality of friction washers slidably but non-rotatably mounted in spaced relation on the hinge pin,

at least one of such washers being between 'hinge knuckles carried by the respective leaves and at least one of such washers being a terminal washer outward from a terminal hinge knuckle, terminal members on the hinge pin including screw means for drawing the friction washers and hinge knuckles into frictional engagement thereby to provide frictional resistance to the relative swinging of the hinge leaves, anda compression spring" drawing the frction washers and hinge 1 knuckles into frictional engagement' thereby Verse shape and size extending slidably through the hinge knuckles. from end to end of the assembled hinge and projectng at its ends beyond the terminal k n ckles, a p1urality of friction washers sllably but nonrotatably mounted ngspaceclrelaton on the hinge pin, at least one of such washersbeing between hinge knuckles earred by the respectiveleaves and at least one ofsuch washers being a terminal washenoutward from a terminal hinge knuckle, terminal members on theprojecti-ng ends ofthe hinge pin at least one of which includes screw means for to provide fri'ct'onal resistance -to-the relatve swingng of the hnge leaves, and a V compression sprngfadj acent-ly inward from -one of the said terminal members so as to be subjected to compression bythesad screw meansoso that therebythesad ;frictional' resistance will be applied through said spring. 7 In a frcton hinge, ahinge pin which throughout its length is transversely of uniform tranglar fluted shape comprisng three circumferentally equidistantly spaced circularly arcuate portions with int rvening grooves forming the flutes Inwtness whereof, I here l to 'Subscribe my signature.

WILLIAM- FELLOWS, 

